Astronomy: Some Facts

Posted by | Posted on 2:17 AM

By Colin Jones

How much is there to be known or learned about all the objects and phenomenon in the entire universe? Remember that there are about 1 x 10 ^22 stars in the universe, that's 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 stars; then that many of those stars have planets spinning around them. Then think about all the moons that orbit those planets and the comets and asteroids, the galaxies these stars form, the nebulae and black holes and everything else that's out there. The amount of information and data is really quite staggering. This article certainly won't contain every fact about astronomy. But they are very interesting facts nevertheless.

We will start by taking a look at a small section of astronomy: "the brightest stars seen from the Earth". That is excepting the Sun which is roughly 250,000 times nearer than the next nearest star. In fact, it is so bright that when the sky is viewed from the Earth, it blinds out all the other stars in the sky during a phenomenon called daytime.

Remember that according to the scale for the magnitudes given, lower numbers are brighter. Our Sun would be about -26.73, while the full moon is -12.6. So, with that in mind, here are the top 5:

#5 is Vega, which means "falling eagle" in Arabic is in Lyra. It's roughly 25 light years away and has a magnitude of 0.04.

NB: when thinking about this astronomical information, please just bear in mind that the 'brightest from the Earth' doesn't mean 'largest' or 'brightest'. The Sun is not the largest or brightest star in the universe or even the galaxy by any means, but it seems to be so bright to us because we are near to it compared to the other stars.

#4 is Rigel - a very bright, bluish-white supergiant star in the constellation Orion. It is a binary star, with an average apparent magnitude of 0.12. It's scientific name is Beta Orionis. Rigel is Arabic for 'foot'. It's about four light years from Earth.

#3 is Arcturus. The name is Latin/Greek and means 'guardian of the bear'. This star is roughly 37 light years away. It is in the constellation of Bootes, behind The Great Bear. It has a magnitude of 0.00

#2 Canopus - the Greek name of the pilot of the sailing ship Argo in the stories of Jason and the Argonauts, is the brightest, however, because it is 313 light years from Earth, it's only second in this list of the five brightest stars seen from Earth. It has a magnitude of -.62.

#1 is Sirius, which means 'scorching' in Greek. It's also called the 'Dog Star' because it is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Major, which means 'The Big Dog' in Latin. It is only 9 light years from Earth, which makes it the second closest of these top five. From Earth it has a magnitude of -1.44, which makes it quite easily the brightest star as seen in the night sky.

These few data don't even scratch the surface of subject of astronomy but it's something for you to think about the next time you gaze up into the night sky.

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